The emergence of the concept of "complex products and systems" began from the literature of military systems, the complexities of the system, the school of large technical system, project management and industrial organization studies. Complex products which are technically manufactured by advanced companies, are technologically advanced capital goods; and investment for capacity building in production sector is one of the important landmarks of national economic power. In the area of complex products, industry structure is mainly composed of very small number of very large firms, suppliers, manufactures, and customers. These firms involve in the process of design, research and development, systems integration, further improvements of the product and maintenance. Now, economic developments require commercialization and development of complex technologies in which the innovation happens only through a complex network. So, one of the distinguishing features of these products compared with the simple ones in mass production is the difference in the related mechanism and innovation management.

Complex product systems (COPS) play an important role in industry, economics and technology of countries. On the other hand, Due to the complexity and the need for in depth and high level knowledge; organizations face challenges in Manufacturing and developing these products. To succeed in manufacturing of these products, organizations need to recognize the required capabilities. Therefore, the current research was conducted to identify the capabilities and enablers needed to manufacturing complex products And analyzes the causal relationships between these enablers. The other purpose of this study was to determine the importance of these factors for the accurate planning in the organization. For this purpose, with using the library studies and semi-structured interviews, the mentioned capabilities were identified and then validated by distributing the questionnaire. Eventually, 10 main factors and 46 sub-factors were identified. In the next step, with using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method, the relationships between these factors were determined and partitioned into four levels. Then ANP was used to determine the weights and ranking of factors. The research results show that networking capabilities, projects management, system integration and interactions at macro levels are the most important factors in manufacturing complex products and have underlying impacts on other factors. at the end of paper, after concluding the content, some suggestions were proposed for future research.

There are various players including universities, research centers, technology-based firms with different science and technology capabilities in development process of complex product systems. One of the main challenges of these projects is converging among science and technology capabilities of the players. In order to address the problem, a single case study about the design phase of an Iranian regional jet aircraft was selected. To collect data, we made some deep interviews with 18 experts including some project executives, some managers of supreme council of science and technology, some academic and industry experts. Also we used published documents and researchers’ observations. According to the research conceptual framework, the process of convergence among science and technology capabilities of the players was analyzed from three viewpoints including convergence mechanisms, organizational capabilities of integrator and players relationships. We investigated seven challenges occurred in the project and the eleven selected tools to solve them. One of the main outcomes of this research was deepening researchers and managers’ understanding about making convergence in CoPS projects. The main findings of the article were the need to use various convergence tools based on different stages of a CoPS project improvement, and the uniqueness of convergence tools in these projects.

Reduction of complex product systems (CoPS) manufacturing costs are the main factors of sustainability and survival of the manufacturers. Choosing proper CoPS suppliers can dramatically reduce these costs and increases competitive capability for manufacturers. This is due to the fact that in the complex industries, the costs of raw materials for the production processes or the purchase of components includes a substantial part of the product costs. In this regard, in this paper, a tailored data envelopment analysis (DEA) model is deployed to assess and select the supplier of CoPS, helping to deduct these costs as well as eventuate in productivity of the products. In the proposed model, various suppliers of CoPS are evaluated based on a set of economic, technical, and geographic criteria. The suppliers are ranked in accordance with the obtained scores and then the best ones are chosen. Eventually, to examine the applicability and usefulness of the proposed method, a case study is conducted via which important managerial outcomes are extracted.

The aircraft system and its sub-systems, including the engine, are components of complex product systems that highly costly and technology-intensive. The purpose of this research is to provide a general model for explaining the factors affecting the Technological catch up of turbofan engines in Iran-as a complex product system-based on benchmarking the global experiences in this field. The research method in this study is qualitative Meta Synthesis. It was used the library method to collect the data, the Seventh-Step Process of Sandlouki and Barus Meta Synthesis approach to analyze the data and the Panel of Experts to validate and finalize the findings. The research population of the study includes all articles related to the topic of research. To do this, after designing research questions, a systematic search based on the related keywords-technology catch up, complex product systems, commercial turbofan engines – has been done Among the articles published between 1980 and 2018 on scientific databases such as Scopus, SIDs, ISCs, IEEEs, Science Direct, and also with the help of the Elmnet and Google scholar search engines. By reviewing 31 articles from 172 primary articles, researchers identified 11 dimensions and 92 components as key factors affecting the technological catch up of commercial turbofan engines. Based on these factors, a comprehensive framework for the technological catch up of turbofan engines in Iran has been presented and validated. The proposed framework can be considered for strategic and policy purposes as well as a pattern for learning in the relevant industry.

This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

Introduction: Carney Complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

In this paper, a general complex fuzzy linear system is introduced and a numerical procedure for calculating solution is proposed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the mentioned method.